A close reading of BIS Papers No 175. Starting from a single payment, it explains the hierarchy of money, par and backstops, why gold and bitcoin stand outside the monetary system, and what stablecoins still lack.
The FSB warns that while global stablecoins move 24/7 across borders, reserves and dollar redemptions face jurisdictional and market-hour constraints. We examine how time, location, and information mismatches create cross-border spillovers.
Using MAS’s latest address as a guide, this article examines Singapore’s digital finance roadmap across asset tokenisation, repo settlement, the division of digital settlement money, GL1 standards, and SAFR agentic governance.
An in-depth analysis of the Bank of Korea's Project Hangang, examining its two-tier architecture of wholesale CBDC and tokenised deposits, interbank burn-and-issue settlement, Phase 1 empirical findings, and Phase 2 regulatory sandbox expansion.
Starting from the BIS discussion of the singleness of money, this article explains why bank deposits exchange at par and how stablecoins differ institutionally in redemption, settlement, liquidity, and cross-chain interoperability.
This article introduces the meaning and operating mechanisms of stablecoins, as well as their differences from bank deposits, e-money, central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), and crypto-assets.