EnsembleTX brings tokenised deposits into real-value trading, with interbank settlement on HKD RTGS for now and 24/7 tokenised central bank money planned. The article unpacks its settlement design and the questions left open to 2030.
An in-depth analysis of the Bank of Korea's Project Hangang, examining its two-tier architecture of wholesale CBDC and tokenised deposits, interbank burn-and-issue settlement, Phase 1 empirical findings, and Phase 2 regulatory sandbox expansion.
Bank of Korea released its 2025 Payment and Settlement Systems Report, detailing BOK-Wire+, a 100% net settlement collateral requirement, offshore KRW settlement, and regulatory frameworks for Project Hangang and stablecoins.
A systematic review of Project e-HKD pilot outcomes, exploring Hong Kong's strategic pivot from retail payments to wholesale tokenised asset settlement.
An in-depth analysis of the architectural evolution behind Swift's blockchain-based shared ledger. Starting from the classic division between messaging and funds flows, this article dissects the dual-tier accounting model of tokenised deposits, explores the timing gap and liquidity dynamics between 24/7 payment execution and offline final settlement, and objectively compares Swift's model with the BIS unified ledger blueprint.